When are SOC Reports required?

System and Organization Controls (SOC) reports are pivotal instruments for financial auditors, aiding in the evaluation of controls and processes within service organizations. While SOC 1, SOC 2, and SOC 3 reports all provide critical insights, they have distinct focuses and applications. This article explores when and why each type of SOC report is essential, explaining their roles in ensuring the precision and dependability of financial statements.

A SOC 1 report focuses on outsourced services that could impact a company’s financial reporting. By providing a SOC 1 report from the third-party, companies can effectively communicate information about their risk management and controls framework to multiple stakeholders. SOC 1 reports are ideally suited for businesses that handle financial or non-financial information for their clients that impact the customer’s financial statements or internal controls over financial reporting. 

SOC 1 reports, previously known as SAS 70 reports, are essential when the clients you serve require assurance regarding the internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) within your organization.

These reports are indispensable when:

a. User Entities Rely on Outsourced Financial Processes: Organizations that delegate financial functions, such as payroll processing or IT support, to service organizations need SOC 1 reports to gauge the effectiveness of controls relevant to financial reporting.

b. Regulatory Compliance: For industries governed by regulations, such as healthcare (HIPAA) or financial services (SOX), SOC 1 reports can be a compliance requirement, ensuring that ICFR standards are met.

Complementary controls apply to both SOC 1 and SOC 2.

SOC reports are instrumental in assessing complementary controls within the user entity’s control environment. When user entities must rely on the controls of a service organization, SOC reports provide vital insights into the adequacy of these controls, ensuring they support accurate financial reporting and security.

SOC 2 reports are crucial when you need assurance beyond just financial controls. They are vital when a user entity’s operations rely on service organizations to maintain the security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, or privacy of sensitive data and systems. Instances necessitating SOC 2 reports include:

a. Cloud Computing: User entities that entrust their data and systems to cloud service providers need SOC 2 reports to ascertain the security and privacy of their information.

b. Data Centers: Organizations using third-party data centers to house their infrastructure require SOC 2 reports to validate controls over data availability and physical security.

c. Software as a Service (SaaS): Companies using SaaS applications for mission-critical functions necessitate SOC 2 reports to confirm data security and confidentiality.

SOC 3 reports, often referred to as Trust Services Criteria for General Use Reports, are pertinent when public assurance is required concerning the service organization’s security and availability controls. SOC 3 reports are designed for a wider audience, including customers, business partners, and the general public. These reports can be shared publicly on the service organization’s website or marketing materials.

All three types of SOC reports play pivotal roles in financial audits:

SOC 1 reports assess controls relevant to financial reporting, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial statements.

SOC 2 reports evaluate controls related to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy, critical in safeguarding data and systems.

SOC 3 reports provide public assurance about security and availability controls, enhancing trust and transparency.

SOC 1 reports help user entities demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements, particularly when ICFR is a concern.

SOC 2 reports assist in mitigating the risk of data breaches and financial losses by confirming adherence to best practices.

SOC 3 reports enhance a service organization’s credibility by publicly showcasing their commitment to security and availability standards.

The choice between SOC 1, SOC 2, or SOC 3 reports depends on the specific control objectives and needs of user entities. Understanding the roles and applicability of each type of SOC report is essential for auditors and user entities alike, as they collectively contribute to the overall assurance of accurate and reliable financial reporting.